The first symptoms of diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a progressive and disability disease whose prevalence seriously alarms doctors around the world.

This pathology is attributed to such illnesses of civilization because the main reason is the poor lifestyle that modern people follow.

Timely diagnosis of diabetes allows the patient to delay the development of serious complications. But it is not always possible to recognize the first signs of diabetes. This is a fault of basic knowledge of this disease and a low -level discovery of the patient for medical help.

Attention! Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease and does not exist yet.

What is diabetes mellitus?

Diabetes mellitus is a group of chronic endocrine diseases, the main manifestation of the body absolute or relative insulin deficiency and increases blood glucose levels. As a result of the disease, all metabolism is disturbed: protein, lipid, carbohydrate, mineral metabolism. A acid-base balance violation is also observed.

According to statistics, 1-8% of people have diabetes, but scientists suggest that the real number of patients is much higher. And this figure grows every year. The number of patients with diabetes in children also increases.

Attention! Insulin is the only hormone that lowers blood glucose and promotes its absorption with cells.

Insulin is produced by beta cells in the pancreas. Violation of this hormone is a violation or violation of peripheral cell absorption or violation of the fact that diabetes begins.

Classification of diabetes

Many types of diabetes are known:

• Enter the first so -called insulin -dependent name. This results in a defect of primary insulin hormone, leading to hyperglycemia. This pathology is most often autoimmune damage to the pancreas.
• The second type formerly called insulin dependent, but this is not accurate, as this type of progression may require replacement insulin therapy. In this type of disease, the level of insulin first remains normal or even exceeded the norm. The cells of the body, first and foremost, adipocytes (fat cells) will be insensitive, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels.

Attention! The factors that provoke the disease are as follows: severe stress, excessive physical activity, hormonal imbalance, transmitted diseases and other major changes in the body.

Distinguishing:

• Diabetes pregnancy sugar (in pregnant women).
• Diabetes as a manifestation of genetic or endocrine pathology. In this case, diabetes is a symptom of the disease itself.

The three degrees of the disease can be distinguished:

• light;
• average;
• difficult.

Initial signs of type I diabetes mellitus

This type of disease is more often affected by young people and is considered genetically determined. It can be manifested in early childhood.

The first signs of type I diabetes are considered:

• There is a lot to increase the appetite, there is a lot of need, but at the same time one does not gain weight or loses without special physical effort and diet. The reason for this is the lack of energy in the cells, which has reduced glucose absorption.
• Night urination and daily diuresis increase increased fluid consumption. Polyuria occurs with an increase in osmotic urine pressure as increased filtration of glucose into urine.
• The sudden appearance of severe thirst, which results in 5 liters of fluid a day. Polydipsy has many development mechanisms. The first is to fill the water shortage due to polyuria, and the second is done by irritation of osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
• The appearance of acetonemia, which signs the smell of acetone from the mouth, is the smell of rotten apples. Acetonemia occurs when it changes the path of energy formation from carbohydrate to fat under the cellular glucose deficiency. At the same time, ketone bodies are formed that throat the body. Symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, affect.
• With the progress of the ketoacidotic condition, the first symptom of initial disease is a coma of diabetes.
• Increase in general weakness and increased fatigue due to damaged metabolism, starvation of body cell energy and accumulation of toxic metabolism.
• Vision violations of the objects in a blurred and blurred form, redness of the conjunctiva and carving.
• Itching of the skin, the formation of small erosion on the skin and mucous membranes that do not heal for a long time.
• Excessive hair loss.

The first type of diabetes mellitus is characterized by sudden, sudden, and often only acute symptoms in the form of severe ketoacidosis, to the coma forces to repair this diagnosis.

The II. Type of type of diabetes in the initial symptoms

The second type of diabetes develops in people of more mature age, overweight or obesity. The mechanism of pathology development lies in the fact that fat cells flood fats and size growth. As a result, the amount and quality of insulin receptors changes, leading to insensitivity or hormone resistance. Under these circumstances, glucose is not absorbed.

In the early stages of second type of diabetes, the compensation of insulin insulin synthesis occurs by the pancreas, but as the disease progresses, this reserve is exhausted and the absolute insulin -adular system develops.

This disease is characterized by the fact that the symptoms of the initial stage of diabetes do not notice a person for a long time. Most people explain the deterioration of their health to age -related changes, overtime and not starting with diabetes. The delayed appeal of the disease is also explained by slower progression and deleted symptoms than in Type I.

Reference! Often, II. Type of diabetes is accidentally diagnosed when occurring for another pathology or preventive examination.

The most common of the first symptoms of diabetes are:

• Polydipsy is kept up to 4-5 liters per day by increased drinking systems. Such severe thirst is more common in patients of mature age. In old age, the sensitivity of thirst can be observed.
• Polyuria, especially the frequent desire for urination, is observed at night.
• It improves body weight.
• Increased appetite, especially sweet foods.
• Increasing weakness, drowsiness, fatigue.
• Itching of the skin, especially in the perineum and genitals.
• Paresthesia and numbness in the lower limbs and palms due to the development of diabetic neuropathy.
• Pain and fatigue when walking in the legs, a rare hair, cooling the limbs due to the loss of blood vessels.
• Furunkulosis, skin and mucosa candidiasis, infected long -term, non -healing cracks, wounds, scratches. Other skin symptoms: diabetic dermatopathy, bubbles, xanthomas, lipoid necrobiosis, neurodermatitis. This is a result of reduced skin regeneration and reduction of immune reactivity.
• Periodontal disease and repeated stomatitis.
• Vision deterioration is a result of the toxic effects of high glucose concentration in the blood (retinopathy, cataract). As a general rule, in the case of second type of diabetes, eye damage occurs much later than the first.
• Frequent relapse of urinary tract infections, especially pyelonephritis, as a result of hyperglycemia and glucosuria.

Signs of the beginning of children's diabetes

Type I diabetes mellitus is often diagnosed with acute complications in a small patient - diabetic ketoacidosis or ketoacidotic coma. Parents should pay attention to their children often with ketosis episodes or the so -called cyclic vomiting syndrome. This disease has many constitutionally prone to children's acetonym syndrome. This can be exacerbated by acute respiratory viral infections, infectious diseases and vomiting. But this syndrome itself disappears when the child grows up.

If ketosis lasts for more than one year or more than 7-9 years, the endocrinologist should be examined. However, experts advise on any manifestation of acetonyma to perform a blood test for glucose.

First signs of children's pathology:

• Polyuria;
• Polydipsy;
• Sharp weight loss.

If these symptoms of diabetes could not be recognized, a child can develop ketoacidosis with such distinctive symptoms:

• abdominal pain;
• vomiting, nausea;
• dry wine;
• frequent breathing;
• dizziness;
• Acetone scent in exhaled air, urine, vomiting;
• lethargy, drowsiness;
• Losing awareness.

Important! If the symptoms of ketoacidosis appear, you should seek urgent medical help!

The start of diabetes sugar in men

There are also changes in the sexual sphere of men with the disease due to impaired nerve (neuropathy) and blood supply to reproductive organs. Such symptoms are characterized by:

• reduced libido;
• impaired unstable erection;
• Due to the decrease in mobility and the number of viable forms of sperm.

It is also often itching in the genitals because the sweat secret has an irritating effect, with a high concentration of glucose.

Disorders of women's diabetes

We observe the various symptoms of this disease when damage to a woman's reproductive organs:

• decrease in sexual interest;
• irregular menstruation;
• dryness and reintroduction of the genital mucosa, vaginal candidiasis;
• Not setting pregnancy;
• infertility.

Pregnant women sometimes have special types of diabetes - pregnancy. Therefore, when observing a pregnant woman, a doctor should control the woman in time to take an oral tolerance test with glucose and regularly check the general urine analysis to detect glucosuria.

What to do when identifying the symptoms of diabetes?

It is best to contact an endocrinologist who tells you what exams are needed to confirm the diagnosis. Laboratory tests include:

• Blood test to the level of glucose of empty stomach:
• Oral test tolerance for glucose to detect preliminary antiabetas;
• blood test glycosylated hemoglobin;
• Urine analysis of glucosuria;
• Analysis of urine on acetone.

Other laboratory and instrumental methods are used to identify the complications of the disease.

Therefore, it should be responsible for health in order to identify the first signs of diabetes in time.